CH25H
entrez
9023
canonical
uniprot
O95992
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000138135
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000360918
resolver
enst
ENST00000371852
resolver
genesymbol
CH25H
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:1907
resolver
uniprot
B2RBY3
resolver
uniprot_entry
CH25H_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
B2RBY3
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MSCHNCSDPQVLCSSGQLFLQPLWDHLRSWEALLQSPFFPVIFSITTYVGFCLPFVVLDILCSWVPALRRYKIHPDFSPSAQQLLPCLGQTLYQHVMFVFPVTLLHWARSPALLPHEAPELLLLLHHILFCLLLFDMEFFVWHLLHHKVPWLYRTFHKVHHQNSSSFALATQYMSVWELFSLGFFDMMNVTLLGCHPLTTLTFHVVNIWLSVEDHSGYNFPWSTHRLVPFGWYGGVVHHDLHHSHFNCNFAPYFTHWDKILGTLRTASVPAR
uniprot
proteins
ec_number
1.14.99.38
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes (PubMed:9852097). Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25-hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7-alpha,25-OHC), an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, a chemotactic receptor for a number of lymphoid cells (By similarity). May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing (PubMed:9852097). As an interferon-stimulated gene, has broad antiviral activities against a wide range of enveloped viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol, activates the ER-localized enzyme ACAT to induce internalization of accessible cholesterol on the plasma membrane and restricts SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion which inhibits virus replication (PubMed:32944968, PubMed:33239446). In testis, production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by macrophages plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation (By similarity). Required to restrain inflammation in macrophages: production of 25-hydroxycholesterol protects macrophages from cholesterol overload, thereby preventing mitochondrial DNA release and subsequent activation of the AIM2 inflammasome (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4QQV7, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32944968, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33239446, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9852097}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
31745
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 242..243; /note="HH->QQ: Loss of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity. Loss of inhibition of infection by SARS-COV-2."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33239446
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9852097}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Sterol desaturase family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14702039
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15164054
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15465627
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16157450
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32944968
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33239446
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9852097
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
272
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5}.
uniprot
proteins
transmembrane_region
TRANSMEM 38..58; /note="Helical"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 84..104; /note="Helical"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 121..141; /note="Helical"; /evidence="ECO:0000255
uniprot
proteins