APELA
entrez
100506013
canonical
uniprot
P0DMC3
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000248329
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000478306
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000480045
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000484618
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000584566
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000584567
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000584568
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000584569
resolver
enst
ENST00000507152
resolver
enst
ENST00000510062
resolver
enst
ENST00000515275
resolver
enst
ENST00000914507
resolver
enst
ENST00000914508
resolver
enst
ENST00000914509
resolver
enst
ENST00000914510
resolver
genesymbol
APELA
resolver
genesymbol_syn
ELA
resolver
genesymbol_syn
TDL
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:48925
resolver
uniprot_entry
ELA_HUMAN
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MRFQQFLFAFFIFIMSLLLISGQRPVNLTMRRKLRKHNCLQRRCMPLHSRVPFP
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APLNR/APJ), that plays a role in the regulation of normal cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936, PubMed:35817871). Functions as a balanced agonist activating both G(i) protein pathway and beta-arrestin pathway of APLNR (PubMed:35817871). Downstream G proteins activation, apelin can inhibit cAMP production and activate key intracellular effectors such as ERKs (PubMed:35817871). On the other hand, APLNR activation induces beta-arrestin recruitment to the membrane leading to desensitization and internalization of the receptor (PubMed:35817871). Required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936). Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating APLNR. Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells. May act as a chemoattractant for the activation of angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis. Positively regulates sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel sprouting. Plays a role in placental vascular development; promotes placental trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in the uterus. Involved in the regulation of maternal cardiovascular homeostasis to prevent gestational hypertension and for potent cardioprotective functions during heart failure. Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC2, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC4, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DP76, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25639753, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28137936, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35817871}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
6622
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Elabela/Toddler family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14702039
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15815621
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24316148
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25639753
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28137936
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28663440
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
35817871
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
54
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24316148, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28137936}. Secreted, extracellular space {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28137936}. Note=Found in blood plasma (PubMed:28137936). Found in serum of pregnant mice, peaking at midgestation; indicating a maternal and zygotic origin of circulating APELA during pregnancy (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC4}.
uniprot
proteins