CRY1
entrez
1407
canonical
uniprot
Q16526
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000008405
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000008527
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000534135
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000534136
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000608910
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000652241
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000706328
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000706332
resolver
enst
ENST00000008527
resolver
enst
ENST00000864076
resolver
enst
ENST00000864077
resolver
genesymbol
CRY1
resolver
genesymbol_syn
PHLL1
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:2384
resolver
uniprot
A2I2P0
resolver
uniprot_entry
A2I2P0_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_entry
CRY1_HUMAN
resolver
activity_regulation
ACTIVITY REGULATION: KL001 (N-[3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-N-(2-furanylmethyl)-methanesulfonamide) binds to CRY1 and stabilizes it by inhibiting FBXL3- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CRY1 resulting in lengthening of the circadian periods. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798407}.
uniprot
proteins
amino_acid_sequence
MGVNAVHWFRKGLRLHDNPALKECIQGADTIRCVYILDPWFAGSSNVGINRWRFLLQCLEDLDANLRKLNSRLFVIRGQPADVFPRLFKEWNITKLSIEYDSEPFGKERDAAIKKLATEAGVEVIVRISHTLYDLDKIIELNGGQPPLTYKRFQTLISKMEPLEIPVETITSEVIEKCTTPLSDDHDEKYGVPSLEELGFDTDGLSSAVWPGGETEALTRLERHLERKAWVANFERPRMNANSLLASPTGLSPYLRFGCLSCRLFYFKLTDLYKKVKKNSSPPLSLYGQLLWREFFYTAATNNPRFDKMEGNPICVQIPWDKNPEALAKWAEGRTGFPWIDAIMTQLRQEGWIHHLARHAVACFLTRGDLWISWEEGMKVFEELLLDADWSINAGSWMWLSCSSFFQQFFHCYCPVGFGRRTDPNGDYIRRYLPVLRGFPAKYIYDPWNAPEGIQKVAKCLIGVNYPKPMVNHAEASRLNIERMKQIYQQLSRYRGLGLLASVPSNPNGNGGFMGYSAENIPGCSSSGSCSQGSGILHYAHGDSQQTHLLKQGRSSMGTGLSGGKRPSQEEDTQSIGPKVQRQSTN
uniprot
proteins
disease_involvement
DISEASE: Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) [MIM:614163]: A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by sleep-onset insomnia and difficulty in awakening at the desired time. Patients with DSPS have chronic difficulty in adjusting their sleep-onset and wake-up times to occupational, school, and social activities. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28388406}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. An adenine-to-cytosine transversion within the 5'splice site following exon 11 has been found in multiple members of a DSPD family and segregates with the disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. This variant is predicted to cause exon 11 skipping and in-frame deletion of 24 residues in the C-terminal region of CRY1. Functional studies show that the mutated protein acts as a more potent transcriptional repressor than wild-type, causes reduced expression of key transcriptional targets and lengthens the period of circadian molecular rhythms. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28388406}.
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. CRY1 and CRY2 have redundant functions but also differential and selective contributions at least in defining the pace of the SCN circadian clock and its circadian transcriptional outputs. More potent transcriptional repressor in cerebellum and liver than CRY2, though more effective in lengthening the period of the SCN oscillator. On its side, CRY2 seems to play a critical role in tuning SCN circadian period by opposing the action of CRY1. With CRY2, is dispensable for circadian rhythm generation but necessary for the development of intercellular networks for rhythm synchrony. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. Interacts with CLOCK-BMAL1 independently of PER proteins and is found at CLOCK-BMAL1-bound sites, suggesting that CRY may act as a molecular gatekeeper to maintain CLOCK-BMAL1 in a poised and repressed state until the proper time for transcriptional activation. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 induced transcription of BHLHE40/DEC1. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 induced transcription of ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and NAMPT (By similarity). May repress circadian target genes expression in collaboration with HDAC1 and HDAC2 through histone deacetylation. Mediates the clock-control activation of ATR and modulates ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. In liver, mediates circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and gluconeogenesis by binding to membrane-coupled G proteins and blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and CREB1 phosphorylation. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing nuclear FOXO1 levels that down-regulates gluconeogenic gene expression (By similarity). Besides its role in the maintenance of the circadian clock, is also involved in the regulation of other processes. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism modulation, in part, through the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in these pathways, such as LEP or ACSL4 (By similarity). Represses PPARD and its target genes in the skeletal muscle and limits exercise capacity (By similarity). Plays an essential role in the generation of circadian rhythms in the retina (By similarity). Represses the transcriptional activity of NR1I2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97784, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10531061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14672706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22170608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23133559, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28388406}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
66395
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 387; /note="D->N: Loss of binding to KL001."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798407"; MUTAGEN 393; /note="N->D: Loss of binding to KL001."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798407
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: Phosphorylation on Ser-247 by MAPK is important for the inhibition of CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation by CSNK1E requires interaction with PER1 or PER2. Phosphorylation at Ser-71 and Ser-280 by AMPK decreases protein stability. Phosphorylation at Ser-568 exhibits a robust circadian rhythm with a peak at CT8, increases protein stability, prevents SCF(FBXL3)-mediated degradation and is antagonized by interaction with PRKDC. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97784}.; PTM: Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL3) and SCF(FBXL21) complexes, regulating the balance between degradation and stabilization. The SCF(FBXL3) complex is mainly nuclear and mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CRY1. In contrast, cytoplasmic SCF(FBXL21) complex-mediated ubiquitination leads to stabilize CRY1 and counteract the activity of the SCF(FBXL3) complex. The SCF(FBXL3) and SCF(FBXL21) complexes probably mediate ubiquitination at different Lys residues. Ubiquitination at Lys-11 and Lys-107 are specifically ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL21) complex but not by the SCF(FBXL3) complex. Ubiquitination may be inhibited by PER2 (PubMed:17463251, PubMed:22798407, PubMed:27565346). Deubiquitinated by USP7 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97784, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17463251, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798407, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27565346}.; PTM: Undergoes autophagy-mediated degradation in the liver in a time-dependent manner. Autophagic degradation of CRY1 (an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis) occurs during periods of reduced feeding allowing induction of gluconeogenesis and maintenance of blood glucose levels. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97784}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
DNA photolyase class-1 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
10531061
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14672706
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16790549
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17463251
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20852621
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21613214
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22170608
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22798407
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23133559
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23303907
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23916625
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
26431207
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27565346
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28388406
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30530698
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8600518
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8909283
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8921389
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
586
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798407, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26431207, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28388406}. Note=Translocated to the nucleus through interaction with other clock proteins such as PER2 or BMAL1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97784}.
uniprot
proteins