HMGB2
entrez
3148
canonical
uniprot
P26583
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000164104
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000296503
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000393448
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000404912
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000577154
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000577155
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000590525
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000590531
resolver
enst
ENST00000296503
resolver
enst
ENST00000438704
resolver
enst
ENST00000446922
resolver
enst
ENST00000907095
resolver
enst
ENST00000907096
resolver
enst
ENST00000920466
resolver
enst
ENST00000920472
resolver
genesymbol
HMGB2
resolver
genesymbol_syn
HMG2
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:5000
resolver
uniprot
B2R4K8
resolver
uniprot
D3DP37
resolver
uniprot
Q5U072
resolver
uniprot_entry
HMGB2_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
B2R4K8
resolver
uniprot_sec
D3DP37
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q5U072
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MGKGDPNKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDSSVNFAEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKSKFEDMAKSDKARYDREMKNYVPPKGDKKGKKKDPNAPKRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKSEHPGLSIGDTAKKLGEMWSEQSAKDKQPYEQKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYRAKGKSEAGKKGPGRPTGSKKKNEPEDEEEEEEEEDEDEEEEDEDEE
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (PubMed:11909973, PubMed:18413230, PubMed:19522541, PubMed:19965638, PubMed:20123072, PubMed:7797075). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (By similarity). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (By similarity). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (PubMed:19811285). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (PubMed:23877675). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with pro-inflammatory activity (By similarity). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (By similarity). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09429, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P30681, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909973, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18413230, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19522541, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19811285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19965638, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23877675, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7797075, ECO:0000305|PubMed:20123072}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
24034
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: Reduction/oxidation of cysteine residues Cys-23, Cys-45 and Cys-106 and a possible intramolecular disulfide bond involving Cys-23 and Cys-45 give rise to different redox forms with specific functional activities in various cellular compartments: 1- fully reduced HMGB2 (HMGB2C23hC45hC106h), 2- disulfide HMGB2 (HMGB2C23-C45C106h) and 3- sulfonyl HMGB2 (HMGB2C23soC45soC106so). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09429, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24531895}.; PTM: Acetylation enhances nucleosome binding and chromation remodeling activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19522541}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
HMGB family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
11909973
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12925773
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14702039
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1475204
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1551873
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1754403
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18413230
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19522541
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19608861
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19811285
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19965638
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20123072
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21269460
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22814378
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23186163
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23877675
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24275569
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24531895
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25944712
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7797075
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
209
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909973, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12925773, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23877675}. Chromosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12925773}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909973, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23877675}. Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19811285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23877675}. Note=In basal state predominantly nuclear. {ECO:0000305}.
uniprot
proteins