C9orf72
entrez
203228
canonical
uniprot
Q96LT7
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000147894
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000369333
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000369339
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000482753
resolver
genesymbol
C9orf72
resolver
genesymbol_syn
DENND9
resolver
genesymbol_syn
DENNL72
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:28337
resolver
uniprot
A8K5W0
resolver
uniprot
D3DRK6
resolver
uniprot
G8I0B6
resolver
uniprot
Q6NUS9
resolver
uniprot_entry
CI072_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
A8K5W0
resolver
uniprot_sec
D3DRK6
resolver
uniprot_sec
G8I0B6
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q6NUS9
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MSTLCPPPSPAVAKTEIALSGKSPLLAATFAYWDNILGPRVRHIWAPKTEQVLLSDGEITFLANHTLNGEILRNAESGAIDVKFFVLSEKGVIIVSLIFDGNWNGDRSTYGLSIILPQTELSFYLPLHRVCVDRLTHIIRKGRIWMHKERQENVQKIILEGTERMEDQGQSIIPMLTGEVIPVMELLSSMKSHSVPEEIDIADTVLNDDDIGDSCHEGFLLNAISSHLQTCGCSVVVGSSAEKVNKIVRTLCLFLTPAERKCSRLCEAESSFKYESGLFVQGLLKDSTGSFVLPFRQVMYAPYPTTHIDVDVNTVKQMPPCHEHIYNQRRYMRSELTAFWRATSEEDMAQDTIIYTDESFTPDLNIFQDVLHRDTLVKAFLDQVFQLKPGLSLRSTFLAQFLLVLHRKALTLIKYIEDDTQKGKKPFKSLRNLKIDLDLTAEGDLNIIMALAEKIKPGLHSFIFGRPFYTSVQERDVLMTF
uniprot
proteins
disease_involvement
DISEASE: Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (FTDALS1) [MIM:105550]: An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an affected individual. There is high intrafamilial variation. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944778, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944779, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22936364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30366907}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. In the first intron of the gene, the expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide that can vary from 10 to thousands of repeats, represents the most common genetic cause of both familial and sporadic FTDALS. The hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) is structurally polymorphic and during transcription, is responsible for the formation of RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes resulting in the production of aborted transcripts at the expense of functional transcripts. The accumulation of those aborted transcripts may cause nucleolar stress and indirectly cell death (PubMed:24598541). The expanded GGGGCC repeats are bidirectionally transcribed into repetitive RNA, which forms sense and antisense RNA foci. Remarkably, despite being within a non-coding region, these repetitive RNAs can be translated in every reading frame to form five different dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) -- poly-GA, poly-GP, poly-GR, poly-PA and poly-PR -- via a non-canonical mechanism known as repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. These dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) co-aggregate in the characteristic SQSTM1-positive TARDBP negative inclusions found in FTLD/ALS patients with C9orf72 repeat expansion (PubMed:24132570). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24132570, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24598541}.
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Acts as a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor (GEF) for Rab GTPases by promoting the conversion of inactive RAB-GDP to the active form RAB-GTP (PubMed:27103069, PubMed:27193190, PubMed:27617292, PubMed:28195531, PubMed:37821429). Acts as a GEF for RAB39A which enables HOPS-mediated autophagosome-lysosome membrane tethering and fusion in mammalian autophagy (PubMed:37821429). Component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex where both subunits display GEF activity and that regulates autophagy (PubMed:27103069, PubMed:27193190, PubMed:27617292, PubMed:28195531). As part of the C9orf72-SMCR8-WDR41 (CSW) complex, functions as GEF for RAB8A and RAB39B, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation (PubMed:27103069). As part of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, also functions as GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RAB8A and RAB11A in vitro (PubMed:32303654). The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ULK1/ATG1 kinase complex and modulating its protein kinase activity (PubMed:27617292). Promotes initiation of autophagy by regulating the RAB1A-dependent trafficking of the ULK1/ATG1 kinase complex to the phagophore which leads to autophagosome formation (PubMed:27334615). Acts as a regulator of mTORC1 signaling by promoting phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates (PubMed:27559131). Plays a role in endosomal trafficking (PubMed:24549040). May be involved in regulating the maturation of phagosomes to lysosomes (By similarity). Promotes the lysosomal localization and lysosome-mediated degradation of CARM1 which leads to inhibition of starvation-induced lipid metabolism (By similarity). Regulates actin dynamics in motor neurons by inhibiting the GTP-binding activity of ARF6, leading to ARF6 inactivation (PubMed:27723745). This reduces the activity of the LIMK1 and LIMK2 kinases which are responsible for phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin, leading to CFL1/cofilin activation (PubMed:27723745). Positively regulates axon extension and axon growth cone size in spinal motor neurons (PubMed:27723745). Required for SMCR8 protein expression and localization at pre- and post-synaptic compartments in the forebrain, also regulates protein abundance of RAB3A and GRIA1/GLUR1 in post-synaptic compartments in the forebrain and hippocampus (By similarity). Plays a role within the hematopoietic system in restricting inflammation and the development of autoimmunity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6DFW0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24549040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27103069, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27193190, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27334615, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27559131, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27617292, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27723745, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28195531, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32303654, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37821429}.; FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Regulates stress granule assembly in response to cellular stress. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575}.; FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Does not play a role in regulation of stress granule assembly in response to cellular stress. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
54328
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14702039
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15164053
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21944778
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21944779
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22936364
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23329412
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24132570
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24549040
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24598541
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
26174152
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27037575
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27103069
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27193190
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27334615
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27559131
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27617292
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27723745
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28195531
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28973528
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30366907
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32303654
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37821429
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
481
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944778, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27193190, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37821429}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944779, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575}. Cytoplasm, P-body {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575}. Cytoplasm, Stress granule {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575}. Endosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24549040}. Lysosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24549040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27559131}. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24549040}. Autolysosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:37821429}. Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24549040}. Cell projection, axon {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27723745}. Cell projection, growth cone {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27723745}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6DFW0}. Note=Detected in the cytoplasm of neurons from brain tissue (PubMed:21944778). Detected in the nucleus in fibroblasts (PubMed:21944779). During corticogenesis, transitions from being predominantly cytoplasmic to a more even nucleocytoplasmic distribution (By similarity). Primarily localized in cytosol under basal conditions (PubMed:37821429). Primarily gathered on autolysosome structures under autophagy-induced conditions (PubMed:37821429). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6DFW0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944778, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21944779, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27037575, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37821429}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Perikaryon {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}. Presynapse {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6DFW0}. Postsynapse {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6DFW0}. Note=Expressed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm and dendritic processes of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Also expressed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm of spinal motor neurons. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Nucleus membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}. Note=Detected at the nuclear membrane of cerebellar Purkinje cells and spinal motor neurons. Also shows diffuse nuclear expression in spinal motor neurons. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26174152}.
uniprot
proteins