Rac1
entrez
363875
canonical
uniprot
Q6RUV5
canonical
ensembl
ENSRNOG00000001068
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00000075900
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00000092558
resolver
genesymbol
Rac1
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Rac
resolver
uniprot_entry
RAC1_RAT
resolver
activity_regulation
ACTIVITY REGULATION: Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. GTP hydrolysis is stimulated by ARHGAP30 and ARHGAP44. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25498153}.
uniprot
proteins
amino_acid_sequence
MQAIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDNYSANVMVDGKPVNLGLWDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLICFSLVSPASFENVRAKWYPEVRHHCPNTPIILVGTKLDLRDDKDTIEKLKEKKLTPITYPQGLAMAKEIGAVKYLECSALTQRGLKTVFDEAIRAVLCPPPVKKRKRKCLLL
uniprot
proteins
ec_number
3.6.5.2
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles (PubMed:16040606, PubMed:16549782). Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity (By similarity). In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts (PubMed:16040606). In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion (PubMed:20696765). In podocytes, promotes nuclear shuttling of NR3C2; this modulation is required for a proper kidney functioning (PubMed:19029984). Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation (By similarity). In neurons, is involved in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity (PubMed:25498153). In hippocampal neurons, involved in spine morphogenesis and synapse formation, through local activation at synapses by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as ARHGEF6/ARHGEF7/PIX (PubMed:12695502). In synapses, may mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3 (PubMed:24089484). In neurons, plays a crucial role in regulating GABA(A) receptor synaptic stability and hence GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission through its role in PAK1 activation and eventually F-actin stabilization (PubMed:25284783). Required for DSG3 translocation to cell-cell junctions, DSG3-mediated organization of cortical F-actin bundles and anchoring of actin at cell junctions; via interaction with DSG3 (By similarity). Subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex that mediates the transfer of electrons from cytosolic NADPH to O2 to produce the superoxide anion (O2(-)) (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63001, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12695502, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040606, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16549782, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029984, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20696765, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24089484, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25284783, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25498153}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
21450
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 12; /note="G->V: Constitutively active. Increases PAK1 and LIMK1 phosphorylation and NR3C2 nuclear localization in podocytes. In hippocampal neurons, increases the amount of dendritic protrusions and decreases the number of normal spines and synapses."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15800193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029984"; MUTAGEN 17; /note="T->N: Dominant negative. Reduces NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24089484"; MUTAGEN 61; /note="Q->L: Constitutively active. Interacts with PPP5C."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:16549782, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24089484
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: GTP-bound active form is ubiquitinated at Lys-147 by HACE1, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000}.; PTM: Phosphorylated by AKT at Ser-71. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000}.; PTM: Ubiquitinated at Lys-166 in a FBXL19-mediated manner; leading to proteasomal degradation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Rho family
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Small GTPase superfamily
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12695502
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15800193
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16040606
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16549782
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19029984
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20696765
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22128169
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24089484
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25284783
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25498153
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
192
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040606}; Lipid-anchor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040606}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040606}. Melanosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63001}. Cell projection, lamellipodium {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63001}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63001}. Synapse {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15800193}. Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000}. Note=Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the C-terminal cysteine (By similarity). Found in the ruffled border (a late endosomal-like compartment in the plasma membrane) of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Localizes to the lamellipodium in a SH3RF1-dependent manner. In macrophages, cytoplasmic location increases upon CSF1 stimulation (By similarity). In hippocampal neurons, localizes at synapses, where it is activated (PubMed:15800193). Activation by GTP-binding promotes nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63000, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63001, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15800193}.
uniprot
proteins