TUBA3E
entrez
112714
canonical
uniprot
Q6PEY2
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000152086
resolver
ensembl
ENSG00000292120
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000318197
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000517877
resolver
enst
ENST00000312988
resolver
enst
ENST00000709789
resolver
genesymbol
TUBA3E
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:20765
resolver
uniprot
A0AAG2UW83
resolver
uniprot_entry
A0AAG2UW83_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_entry
TBA3E_HUMAN
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MRECISIHVGQAGVQIGNACWELYCLEHGIQPDGQMPSDKTIGGGDDSFNTFFSETGAGKHVPRAVFVDLEPTVVDEVRTGTYRQLFHPEQLITGKEDAASNYARGHYTIGKEIVDLVLDRIRKLADLCTGLQGFLIFHSFGGGTGSGFASLLMERLSVDYSKKSKLEFAIYPAPQVSTAVVEPYNSILTTHTTLEHSDCAFMVDNEAIYDICRRNLDIERPTYTNLNRLIGQIVSSITASLRFDGALNVDLTEFQTNLVPYPRIHFPLATYAPVISAEKAYHEQLSVAEITNACFEPANQMVKCDPRHGKYMACCMLYRGDVVPKDVNAAIATIKTKRTIQFVDWCPTGFKVGINYQPPTVVPGGDLAKVQRAVCMLSNTTAIAEAWARLVHKFDLMYAKWAFVHWYVGEGMEEGEFSEAREDLAALEKDCEEVGVDSVEAEAEEGEAY
uniprot
proteins
ec_number
3.6.5.-
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
49859
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group (PubMed:26875866). Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold (PubMed:26875866). Glutamylation is also involved in cilia motility (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P99024, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26875866}.; PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into cilia and flagella axonemes, which is required for their stability and maintenance. Flagella glycylation controls sperm motility. Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P07437, ECO:0000305|PubMed:19524510}.; PTM: Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with increased microtubule stability, intracellular transport and ciliary assembly. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24906155}.; PTM: Methylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is found in mitotic microtubules and is required for normal mitosis and cytokinesis contributing to genomic stability. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68363}.; PTM: Nitration of Tyr-450 is irreversible and interferes with normal dynein intracellular distribution. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}.; PTM: Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP1/KIAA0895L, VASH1 or VASH2) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25908662, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29146869, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35482892}.; PTM: [Tubulin alpha-3E chain]: Tyrosination promotes microtubule interaction with CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins such as CLIP1, CLIP2 and DCTN1 (By similarity). Tyrosination regulates the initiation of dynein-dynactin motility via interaction with DCTN1, which brings the dynein-dynactin complex into contact with microtubules (PubMed:26972003). In neurons, tyrosinated tubulins mediate the initiation of retrograde vesicle transport (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68369, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003}.; PTM: [Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3E chain]: Detyrosination is involved in metaphase plate congression by guiding chromosomes during mitosis: detyrosination promotes interaction with CENPE, promoting pole-proximal transport of chromosomes toward the equator (PubMed:25908662). Detyrosination increases microtubules-dependent mechanotransduction in dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscle. In cardiomyocytes, detyrosinated microtubules are required to resist to contractile compression during contraction: detyrosination promotes association with desmin (DES) at force-generating sarcomeres, leading to buckled microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05214, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25908662}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Tubulin family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15815621
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19524510
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24906155
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25908662
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
26875866
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
26972003
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29146869
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
35482892
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
450
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250}.
uniprot
proteins