Trex1
entrez
22040
canonical
uniprot
Q91XB0
canonical
ensembl
ENSMUSG00000049734
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000050971
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000107684
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000061973
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000112053
resolver
genesymbol
Trex1
resolver
uniprot
Q3TAD7
resolver
uniprot
Q9D6W2
resolver
uniprot
Q9R1B0
resolver
uniprot_entry
TREX1_MOUSE
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q3TAD7
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q9D6W2
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q9R1B0
resolver
activity_regulation
ACTIVITY REGULATION: Calcium, lithium and sodium inhibit the exonuclease activity but not the DNA binding. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18780819}.
uniprot
proteins
amino_acid_sequence
MGSQTLPHGHMQTLIFLDLEATGLPSSRPEVTELCLLAVHRRALENTSISQGHPPPVPRPPRVVDKLSLCIAPGKACSPGASEITGLSKAELEVQGRQRFDDNLAILLRAFLQRQPQPCCLVAHNGDRYDFPLLQTELARLSTPSPLDGTFCVDSIAALKALEQASSPSGNGSRKSYSLGSIYTRLYWQAPTDSHTAEGDVLTLLSICQWKPQALLQWVDEHARPFSTVKPMYGTPATTGTTNLRPHAATATTPLATANGSPSNGRSRRPKSPPPEKVPEAPSQEGLLAPLSLLTLLTLAIATLYGLFLASPGQ
uniprot
proteins
ec_number
3.1.11.2
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini (PubMed:10391904, PubMed:11279105, PubMed:15254239, PubMed:17293595, PubMed:17355961, PubMed:18780819). Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity (PubMed:18724932, PubMed:24218451). Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements (PubMed:18724932). Plays a key role in degradation of DNA fragments at cytosolic micronuclei arising from genome instability: its association with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane directs TREX1 to ruptured micronuclei, leading to micronuclear DNA degradation (By similarity). Micronuclear DNA degradation is required to limit CGAS activation and subsequent inflammation (By similarity). Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling, leading to the production of type I interferon (PubMed:18724932). Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates (PubMed:18045533). Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light (PubMed:23993650). During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1 (By similarity). NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9NSU2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10391904, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11279105, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15254239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17293595, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17355961, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18045533, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18780819, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23993650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24218451}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
33675
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 114; /note="R->H: Reduces activity. Loss of endogenous retroelement metabolization."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17293595, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932"; MUTAGEN 124; /note="H->A: Strongly reduces activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18780819"; MUTAGEN 195; /note="H->A: Loss of activity. Loss of endogenous retroelement metabolization."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17355961, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18780819"; MUTAGEN 198; /note="E->K: Impaired ability to associate with CGAS-DNA droplets."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33606975"; MUTAGEN 200; /note="D->N: Reduces activity. Loss of endogenous retroelement metabolization."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932"; MUTAGEN 201; /note="V->D: Reduces activity. Loss of endogenous retroelement metabolization."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17293595, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: Ubiquitinated, but not targeted to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitination may be important for interaction with UBQLN1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9NSU2}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Exonuclease superfamily
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
TREX family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
10391904
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
11279105
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15254239
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16141072
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17293595
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17355961
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18045533
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18724932
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18780819
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19144319
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21183079
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22071149
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23993650
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24218451
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33606975
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
314
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15254239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18045533}. Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17355961, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18045533}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18724932}. Note=Retained in the cytoplasm through the C-terminal region (PubMed:18045533). Localization to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is required to direct TREX1 to ruptured micronuclei (By similarity). In response to DNA damage, translocates to the nucleus where it is specifically recruited to replication foci (PubMed:18045533). Translocation to the nucleus also occurs during GZMA-mediated cell death (PubMed:18045533). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9NSU2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18045533}.
uniprot
proteins