S100a8
entrez
116547
canonical
uniprot
P50115
canonical
ensembl
ENSRNOG00000011557
resolver
ensembl
ENSRNOG00055022593
resolver
ensembl
ENSRNOG00060032482
resolver
ensembl
ENSRNOG00065027459
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00000015473
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00055031479
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00060046461
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00065038824
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00000015473
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00055038776
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00060056255
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00065047338
resolver
genesymbol
S100a8
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Mrp8
resolver
uniprot_entry
S10A8_RAT
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MATELEKALSNVIEVYHNYSGIKGNHHALYRDDFRKMVTTECPQFVQNKNTESLFKELDVNSDNAINFEEFLVLVIRVGVAAHKDSHKE
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Also participates in regulatory T-cell differentiation together with CD69. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its pro-inflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05109, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21487906}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
10239
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
S-100 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21487906
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8343166
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9570842
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
89
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21487906}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
uniprot
proteins