Gdf15
entrez
23886
canonical
uniprot
Q9Z0J7
canonical
ensembl
ENSMUSG00000038508
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000003808
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000105730
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000003808
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000110103
resolver
genesymbol
Gdf15
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Mic1
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Sbf
resolver
uniprot
Q6NX63
resolver
uniprot_entry
GDF15_MOUSE
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q6NX63
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MAPPALQAQPPGGSQLRFLLFLLLLLLLLSWPSQGDALAMPEQRPSGPESQLNADELRGRFQDLLSRLHANQSREDSNSEPSPDPAVRILSPEVRLGSHGQLLLRVNRASLSQGLPEAYRVHRALLLLTPTARPWDITRPLKRALSLRGPRAPALRLRLTPPPDLAMLPSGGTQLELRLRVAAGRGRRSAHAHPRDSCPLGPGRCCHLETVQATLEDLGWSDWVLSPRQLQLSMCVGECPHLYRSANTHAQIKARLHGLQPDKVPAPCCVPSSYTPVVLMHRTDSGVSLQTYDDLVARGCHCA
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea and/or loss of appetite (PubMed:23468844, PubMed:27986797, PubMed:28572090, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:29026214, PubMed:29046435, PubMed:30639358, PubMed:31875646, PubMed:31928886, PubMed:32026535, PubMed:32694673, PubMed:32723474, PubMed:33589633, PubMed:33593916, PubMed:33758420, PubMed:34187898, PubMed:36465107, PubMed:37433299, PubMed:37437602, PubMed:38056430, PubMed:38092039). The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future (PubMed:23468844, PubMed:28572090, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:29046435, PubMed:30639358, PubMed:33589633, PubMed:33593916, PubMed:37437602, PubMed:38092039). Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:31152154, PubMed:31928886, PubMed:33593916, PubMed:37380764). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886). The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues (PubMed:27986797, PubMed:32661391). Required for avoidance behavior in response to food allergens: induced downstream of mast cell activation to promote aversion and minimize harmful effects of exposure to noxious substances (PubMed:37437602). In addition to suppress appetite, also promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle: acts by increasing calcium futile cycling in muscle (PubMed:37380764). Contributes to the effect of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, on appetite reduction and weight loss: produced in the kidney in response to metformin treatment, thereby activating the GDF15-GFRAL response, leading to reduced appetite and weight (PubMed:31875646, PubMed:32694673, PubMed:36001956). Produced in response to anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin or cisplatin, promoting nausea and contributing to malnutrition (PubMed:31928886, PubMed:33207247, PubMed:35202387). Overproduced in many cancers, promoting anorexia in cancer (cachexia) (PubMed:17982462, PubMed:32661391, PubMed:32723474). Responsible for the risk of nausea during pregnancy: high levels of GDF15 during pregnancy, mostly originating from embryos, are associated with increased nausea (PubMed:38092039). Maternal sensitivity to nausea is probably determined by pre-pregnancy exposure to GDF15, females with naturally high level of GDF15 being less susceptible to nausea than female mice with low levels of GDF15 before pregnancy (By similarity). Promotes metabolic adaptation in response to systemic inflammation caused by bacterial and viral infections in order to promote tissue tolerance and prevent tissue damage (By similarity). Required for tissue tolerance in response to myocardial infarction by acting as an inhibitor of leukocyte integring activation, thereby protecting against cardiac rupture (PubMed:21516086). Inhibits growth hormone signaling on hepatocytes (PubMed:28572090). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99988, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17982462, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21516086, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23468844, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27986797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28572090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846098, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846099, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28953886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29026214, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29046435, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30639358, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31152154, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31875646, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31928886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32026535, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32661391, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32694673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32723474, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33207247, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33589633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33593916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33758420, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34187898, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35202387, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36001956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36465107, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37380764, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37433299, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37437602, ECO:0000269|PubMed:38056430, ECO:0000269|PubMed:38092039}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
33225
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
TGF-beta family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
10779363
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16141072
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17982462
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19468303
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19864576
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21516086
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23468844
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27986797
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28081177
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28572090
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28846097
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28846098
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28846099
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28953886
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29026214
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29046435
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29144449
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30070999
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30639358
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
31152154
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
31875646
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
31928886
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32026535
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32661391
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32694673
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32723474
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33207247
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33589633
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33593916
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33758420
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
34187898
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
35202387
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
36001956
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
36465107
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37380764
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37433299
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37437602
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
38056430
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
38092039
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
303
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28572090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29046435, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32694673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35202387, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36001956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36465107}. Note=Secreted in the plasma. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28572090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29046435}.
uniprot
proteins