Apela
entrez
100038489
canonical
uniprot
P0DMC4
canonical
ensembl
ENSMUSG00000079042
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000139425
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000140510
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000124790
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000142822
resolver
genesymbol
Apela
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Ela
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Ende
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Gm10664
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Tdl
resolver
uniprot_entry
ELA_MOUSE
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MRFQPLFWVFFIFAMSLLFISEQKPVNFPRRRKLYRHNCFRRRCIPLHSRVPFP
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APLNR/APJ), that plays a role in the regulation of normal cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis. Functions as a balanced agonist activating both G(i) protein pathway and beta-arrestin pathway of APLNR. Downstream G proteins activation, apelin can inhibit cAMP production and activate key intracellular effectors such as ERKs. On the other hand, APLNR activation induces beta-arrestin recruitment to the membrane leading to desensitization and internalization of the receptor (By similarity). Required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:28371822, PubMed:28663440, PubMed:28854362, PubMed:28890073). Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating APLNR (By similarity). Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells (PubMed:28854362). May act as a chemoattractant for the activation of angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis (By similarity). Positively regulates sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel sprouting (PubMed:28890073). Plays a role in placental vascular development; promotes placental trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in the uterus (PubMed:28663440). Involved in the regulation of maternal cardiovascular homeostasis to prevent gestational hypertension and for potent cardioprotective functions during heart failure (PubMed:28371822, PubMed:28663440). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC2, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC3, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DP76, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28371822, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28663440, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28854362, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28890073}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
6828
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Elabela/Toddler family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16141072
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19468303
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20153842
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
26611206
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28371822
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28663440
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28854362
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28890073
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
54
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28663440}. Secreted, extracellular space {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28663440}. Note=Found in blood plasma (By similarity). Found in serum of pregnant mice, peaking at midgestation; indicating a maternal and zygotic origin of circulating APELA during pregnancy (PubMed:28663440). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0DMC3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28663440}.
uniprot
proteins