FFAR2
entrez
2867
canonical
uniprot
O15552
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000126262
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000246549
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000473159
resolver
enst
ENST00000246549
resolver
enst
ENST00000599180
resolver
genesymbol
FFAR2
resolver
genesymbol_syn
FFA2
resolver
genesymbol_syn
GPCR43
resolver
genesymbol_syn
GPR43
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:4501
resolver
uniprot
B0M0J9
resolver
uniprot
C6KYL4
resolver
uniprot
Q4VAZ3
resolver
uniprot
Q4VAZ5
resolver
uniprot
Q4VBL5
resolver
uniprot_entry
C6KYL4_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_entry
FFAR2_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
B0M0J9
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q4VAZ3
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q4VAZ5
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q4VBL5
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MLPDWKSSLILMAYIIIFLTGLPANLLALRAFVGRIRQPQPAPVHILLLSLTLADLLLLLLLPFKIIEAASNFRWYLPKVVCALTSFGFYSSIYCSTWLLAGISIERYLGVAFPVQYKLSRRPLYGVIAALVAWVMSFGHCTIVIIVQYLNTTEQVRSGNEITCYENFTDNQLDVVLPVRLELCLVLFFIPMAVTIFCYWRFVWIMLSQPLVGAQRRRRAVGLAVVTLLNFLVCFGPYNVSHLVGYHQRKSPWWRSIAVVFSSLNASLDPLLFYFSSSVVRRAFGRGLQVLRNQGSSLLGRRGKDTAEGTNEDRGVGQGEGMPSSDFTTE
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins but also to the Gq family (PubMed:12496283, PubMed:12711604, PubMed:23589301). Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation. May play a role in glucose homeostasis by regulating the secretion of GLP-1, in response to short-chain fatty acids accumulating in the intestine. May also regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the central nervous system to inhibit food intake. Finally, may also regulate whole-body energy homeostasis through adipogenesis regulating both differentiation and lipid storage of adipocytes. In parallel to its role in energy homeostasis, may also mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune responses by SCFA in the intestine, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines. May also play a role in the resolution of the inflammatory response and control chemotaxis in neutrophils. In addition to SCFAs, may also be activated by the extracellular lectin FCN1 in a process leading to activation of monocytes and inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8 in response to the presence of microbes (PubMed:21037097). Among SCFAs, the fatty acids containing less than 6 carbons, the most potent activators are probably acetate, propionate and butyrate (PubMed:12496283, PubMed:12711604). Exhibits a SCFA-independent constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity (PubMed:23066016). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12496283, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12684041, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12711604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21037097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
37144
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 90; /note="Y->A: Partial loss of propionate-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21216233, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 90; /note="Y->W: Complete loss of acetate-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21216233, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 106; /note="E->A: Partial loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20837008"; MUTAGEN 108; /note="Y->A: Complete loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20837008"; MUTAGEN 140; /note="H->A: Partial loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 148; /note="Q->A: No effect on SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 148; /note="Q->E: Partial loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 159; /note="G->E: Partial loss of SCFA-independent constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066016"; MUTAGEN 165; /note="Y->A: Partial loss of propionate-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 180; /note="R->A,K,L,S: Complete loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20837008, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 238; /note="Y->A: Partial loss of propionate-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 239; /note="N->A: Complete loss of acetate-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21216233"; MUTAGEN 242; /note="H->A,F: Complete loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21216233, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301"; MUTAGEN 255; /note="R->A: Complete loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20837008, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23589301
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
G protein-coupled receptor 1 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12496283
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12684041
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12711604
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15057824
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18801738
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20837008
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21037097
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21216233
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23066016
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23589301
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9344866
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
330
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738}.
uniprot
proteins
transmembrane_region
TRANSMEM 13..33; /note="Helical; Name=1"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 42..62; /note="Helical; Name=2"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 85..105; /note="Helical; Name=3"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 127..147; /note="Helical; Name=4"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 174..194; /note="Helical; Name=5"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 220..240; /note="Helical; Name=6"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 256..276; /note="Helical; Name=7"; /evidence="ECO:0000255
uniprot
proteins