FFAR3
entrez
2865
canonical
uniprot
O14843
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000185897
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000328230
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000469522
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000635254
resolver
enst
ENST00000327809
resolver
enst
ENST00000594310
resolver
enst
ENST00000965195
resolver
genesymbol
FFAR3
resolver
genesymbol_syn
GPR41
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:4499
resolver
uniprot
B2RWM8
resolver
uniprot
Q14CM7
resolver
uniprot_entry
FFAR3_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
B2RWM8
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q14CM7
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MDTGPDQSYFSGNHWFVFSVYLLTFLVGLPLNLLALVVFVGKLQRRPVAVDVLLLNLTASDLLLLLFLPFRMVEAANGMHWPLPFILCPLSGFIFFTTIYLTALFLAAVSIERFLSVAHPLWYKTRPRLGQAGLVSVACWLLASAHCSVVYVIEFSGDISHSQGTNGTCYLEFRKDQLAILLPVRLEMAVVLFVVPLIITSYCYSRLVWILGRGGSHRRQRRVAGLLAATLLNFLVCFGPYNVSHVVGYICGESPAWRIYVTLLSTLNSCVDPFVYYFSSSGFQADFHELLRRLCGLWGQWQQESSMELKEQKGGEEQRADRPAERKTSEHSQGCGTGGQVACAES
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins. Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation (PubMed:12711604). Activated by SCFAs and by beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced by the liver upon starvation, it inhibits N-type calcium channels and modulates the activity of sympathetic neurons through a signaling cascade involving the beta and gamma subunits of its coupled G protein, phospholipase C and MAP kinases. Thereby, it may regulate energy expenditure through the control of the sympathetic nervous system that controls for instance heart rate. Upon activation by SCFAs accumulating in the intestine, it may also signal to the brain via neural circuits which in turn would regulate intestinal gluconeogenesis. May also control the production of hormones involved in whole-body energy homeostasis. May for instance, regulate blood pressure through renin secretion. May also regulate secretion of the PYY peptide by enteroendocrine cells and control gut motility, intestinal transit rate, and the harvesting of energy from SCFAs produced by gut microbiota. May also indirectly regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the CNS to inhibit food intake, in response to the presence of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Finally, may also play a role in glucose homeostasis. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, may play a role in intestinal immunity. May mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune response by SCFAs in the gut, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells. Among SCFAs, the fatty acids containing less than 6 carbons, the most potent activators are probably propionate, butyrate and pentanoate while acetate is a poor activator (PubMed:12496283, PubMed:12711604). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12496283, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12711604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066016}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
38649
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 146; /note="H->A: Partial loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738"; MUTAGEN 158; /note="D->N: Gain of SCFA-independent constitutive G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23066016"; MUTAGEN 185; /note="R->A: Loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738"; MUTAGEN 245; /note="H->A: Loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738"; MUTAGEN 258; /note="R->A: Loss of SCFA-induced G protein-coupled receptor activity."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
G protein-coupled receptor 1 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12496283
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12711604
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15057824
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18801738
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19630535
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21518883
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23066016
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9344866
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
346
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18801738}.
uniprot
proteins
transmembrane_region
TRANSMEM 20..40; /note="Helical; Name=1"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 48..68; /note="Helical; Name=2"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 89..111; /note="Helical; Name=3"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 133..153; /note="Helical; Name=4"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 179..199; /note="Helical; Name=5"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 223..243; /note="Helical; Name=6"; /evidence="ECO:0000255"; TRANSMEM 259..279; /note="Helical; Name=7"; /evidence="ECO:0000255
uniprot
proteins