NPPA
entrez
4878
canonical
uniprot
P01160
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000175206
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000365663
resolver
enst
ENST00000376480
resolver
genesymbol
NPPA
resolver
genesymbol_syn
ANP
resolver
genesymbol_syn
PND
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:7939
resolver
uniprot
Q13766
resolver
uniprot
Q5JZE1
resolver
uniprot_entry
ANF_HUMAN
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q13766
resolver
uniprot_sec
Q5JZE1
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MSSFSTTTVSFLLLLAFQLLGQTRANPMYNAVSNADLMDFKNLLDHLEEKMPLEDEVVPPQVLSEPNEEAGAALSPLPEVPPWTGEVSPAQRDGGALGRGPWDSSDRSALLKSKLRALLTAPRSLRRSSCFGGRMDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRY
uniprot
proteins
disease_involvement
DISEASE: Atrial standstill 2 (ATRST2) [MIM:615745]: A rare arrhythmia characterized by the absence of electrical and mechanical activity in the atria. Electrocardiographically, it is characterized by bradycardia, the absence of P waves, and a junctional narrow complex escape rhythm. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275345}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6 (ATFB6) [MIM:612201]: A familial form of atrial fibrillation, a common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by disorganized atrial electrical activity and ineffective atrial contraction promoting blood stasis in the atria and reduces ventricular filling. It can result in palpitations, syncope, thromboembolic stroke, and congestive heart failure. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18614783}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism (PubMed:15741263, PubMed:16875975, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:22307324, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:8653797). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses (PubMed:1660465, PubMed:1672777, PubMed:21098034, PubMed:2162527, PubMed:22307324, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:8384600, PubMed:9893117). Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:2532366, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:8653797). Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts (PubMed:16875975). Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (By similarity). In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:22307324). This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:22307324). Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation (PubMed:1672777). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05125, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1660465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1672777, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16875975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18835931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2162527, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21672517, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22307324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2825692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7595132, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7720651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8087923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8384600, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; FUNCTION: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis (PubMed:2532366, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:8653797). In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692). May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7720651). However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report, in vivo it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis (By similarity). Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by atrial natriuretic peptide and vessel dilator (PubMed:2162527, PubMed:2825692). Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11145122, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2162527, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2825692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7595132, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7720651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8087923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; FUNCTION: [Vessel dilator]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation (PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:8653797). In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692). May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7720651). However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis (PubMed:7831500). Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by the atrial natriuretic and long-acting natriuretic peptides (PubMed:2162527, PubMed:2825692). Possibly functions in protein excretion in urine by maintaining the integrity of the proximal tubules and enhancing protein excretion by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11145122, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2162527, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2825692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7595132, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7720651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7831500, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8087923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; FUNCTION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of diuresis and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis (PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:8087923). In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692). May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7595132, PubMed:7720651). May have a role in potassium excretion but not sodium excretion (natriuresis) (PubMed:8087923). Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11145122, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2825692, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7595132, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7720651, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8087923}.; FUNCTION: [Urodilatin]: Hormone produced in the kidneys that appears to be important for maintaining cardio-renal homeostasis (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:8853410). Mediates vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis primarily in the renal system, in order to maintain the extracellular fluid volume and control the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:2528951, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:8853410). Specifically binds and stimulates cGMP production by renal transmembrane receptors, likely NPR1 (PubMed:8384600, PubMed:9893117). Urodilatin not ANP, may be the natriuretic peptide responsible for the regulation of sodium and water homeostasis in the kidney (PubMed:8384600, PubMed:8779891). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2528951, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8384600, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8853410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; FUNCTION: [Auriculin-D]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.; FUNCTION: [Auriculin-B]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.; FUNCTION: [Auriculin-A]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not smooth muscle strips. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.; FUNCTION: [Atriopeptin-2]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal and vascular smooth muscle strips. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.; FUNCTION: [Atriopeptin-1]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not vascular smooth muscle strips. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
16396
uniprot
proteins
mutagenesis
MUTAGEN 123; /note="R->G: Loss of cleavage by CORIN."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10880574"; MUTAGEN 124..129; /note="Missing: No effect on degradation of atrial natriuretic peptide by IDE."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034"; MUTAGEN 124..126; /note="Missing: Reduced degradation of atrial natriuretic peptide by IDE; when associated with N-147--151-YDEL."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034"; MUTAGEN 147..151; /note="Missing: Reduced degradation of atrial natriuretic peptide by IDE; when associated with S-124--126-RDEL."; /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: The precursor molecule is proteolytically cleaved by CORIN at Arg-123 to produce atrial natriuretic peptide (PubMed:10880574, PubMed:14559895, PubMed:7984506). Undergoes further proteolytic cleavage by unknown proteases to give rise to long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator and kaliuretic peptide (PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:7984506). Additional processing gives rise to the auriculin and atriopeptin peptides (By similarity). In the kidneys, alternative processing by an unknown protease results in the peptide urodilatin (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:9794555). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10880574, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14559895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9794555}.; PTM: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Cleavage by MME initiates degradation of the factor and thereby regulates its activity (PubMed:16254193, PubMed:2972276). Degraded by IDE (in vitro) (PubMed:21098034). During IDE degradation, the resulting products can temporarily stimulate NPR2 to produce cGMP, before the fragments are completely degraded and inactivated by IDE (in vitro) (PubMed:21098034). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16254193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972276}.; PTM: [Urodilatin]: Degraded by IDE. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21098034}.; PTM: [Urodilatin]: Phosphorylation on Ser-129 decreases vasorelaxant activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2528951}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Natriuretic peptide family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
10880574
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
11145122
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
14559895
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15741263
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16254193
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1660465
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16710414
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1672777
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16870210
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16875975
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1826098
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18614783
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18835931
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21098034
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2162527
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21672517
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22291141
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22307324
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23275345
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2528951
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2532366
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25401746
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2825692
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2972276
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2972874
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30534047
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
3158606
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
3838202
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
40343876
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6095118
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6095119
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6097248
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6203042
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6230082
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6238331
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6542248
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6547996
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7595132
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7720651
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7831500
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7955907
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
7984506
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8043577
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8087923
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8351194
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8384600
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8653797
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8779891
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8853410
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9794555
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
9893117
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
151
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Vessel dilator]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506}. Note=Detected in blood. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Urodilatin]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8853410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9794555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}. Note=Detected in urine (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:9794555). Not detected in blood (PubMed:8351194). Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:9893117). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8853410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9794555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18835931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2972874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047}. Cell projection {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047}. Note=Detected in blood (PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:7984506, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8653797, PubMed:8779891). Detected in urine in one study (PubMed:8351194). However, in another study, was not detected in urine (PubMed:7984506). Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (PubMed:30534047). Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (By similarity). Likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch (PubMed:2532366). In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:9893117). Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (PubMed:8779891). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18835931, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2532366, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30534047, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7955907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7984506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8351194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8653797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8779891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9893117}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atriopeptin-3]: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}. Note=Detected in blood. Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01161}.
uniprot
proteins