S100a8
entrez
20201
canonical
uniprot
P27005
canonical
ensembl
ENSMUSG00000056054
resolver
ensp
ENSMUSP00000064385
resolver
enst
ENSMUST00000069927
resolver
genesymbol
S100a8
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Caga
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Mrp8
resolver
uniprot
P31724
resolver
uniprot
Q53X15
resolver
uniprot_entry
Q53X15_MOUSE
resolver
uniprot_entry
S10A8_MOUSE
resolver
uniprot_sec
P31724
resolver
activity_regulation
ACTIVITY REGULATION: Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) activity on TLR4 signaling is inhibited by paquinimod. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33388094}.
uniprot
proteins
amino_acid_sequence
MPSELEKALSNLIDVYHNYSNIQGNHHALYKNDFKKMVTTECPQFVQNINIENLFRELDINSDNAINFEEFLAMVIKVGVASHKDSHKE
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Also participates in regulatory T-cell differentiation together with CD69. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its pro-inflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05109, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17767165, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18403730, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33388094}.; FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Upon infection by murine coronavirus (MHV-A59), induces expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils in a TLR4-dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33388094}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
10295
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
S-100 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
10438963
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1373330
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
1559987
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17767165
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18403730
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18832721
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20213444
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20523765
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21183079
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
33388094
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8454868
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8611640
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
89
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17767165}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway.
uniprot
proteins