HTN1
entrez
3346
canonical
uniprot
P15515
canonical
ensembl
ENSG00000126550
resolver
ensembl
ENSG00000283046
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000246896
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000424501
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000489198
resolver
ensp
ENSP00000489349
resolver
enst
ENST00000246896
resolver
enst
ENST00000511674
resolver
enst
ENST00000635327
resolver
enst
ENST00000635569
resolver
genesymbol
HTN1
resolver
genesymbol_syn
HIS1
resolver
hgnc
HGNC:5283
resolver
uniprot_entry
HIS1_HUMAN
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MKFFVFALVLALMISMISADSHEKRHHGYRRKFHEKHHSHREFPFYGDYGSNYLYDN
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Histatins (Hsts) are cationic and histidine-rich secreted peptides mainly synthesized by saliva glands of humans and higher primates (PubMed:3286634, PubMed:3944083). Hsts are considered to be major precursors of the protective proteinaceous structure on tooth surfaces (enamel pellicle). Hsts can be divided into two major groups according to their biological functions: antimicrobial Hsts (e.g. Hst 5/HTN3) and cell-activating Hsts (e.g. Hst 1/HTN1 and Hst 2/HTN1) (PubMed:32225006). Hst 1/HTN1 and Hst 2/HTN1 act in different cell types (epithelium, fibroblasts and endothelium) in oral and non-oral mucosa (PubMed:25903106, PubMed:28542418, PubMed:28751526, PubMed:32225006). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25903106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28542418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28751526, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3286634, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3944083}.; FUNCTION: [Histatin-1]: Hst 1 functions primarily as a wound healing factor by activating cell-surface and cell-cell adhesions, cell spreading and migration and it can also stimulate cellular metabolic activity (PubMed:18650243, PubMed:25903106, PubMed:28542418, PubMed:28751526, PubMed:32225006, PubMed:35970844). Hst 1 is internalized in host cells in a stereospecific and energy-dependent process, which is partially mediated by the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)-activated endocytosis (PubMed:35970844). Internalized Hst 1 is targeted and released via early endosomes trafficking to the mitochondria, where it significantly enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism (PubMed:32225006, PubMed:35970844). At the mitochondria, Hst 1 increases mitochondria-ER contacts through binding with ER receptor TMEM97, which also stimulates metabolic activity and cell migration and may as well regulate calcium homeostasis of the cell (PubMed:32225006, PubMed:34233061, PubMed:35970844). Also activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to promote cell migration, possibly upon interaction with GPRCs at the plasma membrane (PubMed:28751526). Also triggers the RIN2/Rab5/Rac1 signaling cascade which activates endothelial cell adhesion, spreading and migration required for angiogenesis in the oral wound healing process, however the receptor that transduces Hst 1 signal has not yet been identified (PubMed:28751526). Also displays antimicrobial functions against pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, although with less effectiveness than Hst 5 (PubMed:28751526, PubMed:3286634, PubMed:3944083). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18650243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25903106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28542418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28751526, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3286634, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34233061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35970844, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3944083}.; FUNCTION: [His1-(31-57)-peptide]: Hst 2 consists of the fragment sequence 12-28 of Hst 1. Similar to Hst 1, actively and stereospecifically internalized in host cells and targeted to the mitochondria and the ER and promotes cell metabolic activity (PubMed:18650243, PubMed:32225006). Also activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to promote cell migration and wound closure (PubMed:18650243). In contrast with Hst 1, not able to promote cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion (PubMed:25903106). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18650243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25903106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
6963
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: [Histatin-1]: Phosphorylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17503797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25903106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3286634}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Histatin/statherin family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17503797
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18650243
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
20973643
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2372245
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
25903106
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2719677
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2773933
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28542418
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28751526
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32225006
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
3286634
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
34233061
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
35970844
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
3944083
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8336540
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
57
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Histatin-1]: Secreted. Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35970844}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34233061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35970844}. Note=Hst 1 co-localized with mitochondria as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after internalization in host cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34233061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35970844}.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [His1-(31-57)-peptide]: Secreted. Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006}. Note=Hst 2 co-localized with mitochondria as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after internalization in host cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32225006}.
uniprot
proteins