P62806
uniprot
P62806
canonical
amino_acid_sequence
MSGRGKGGKGLGKGGAKRHRKVLRDNIQGITKPAIRRLARRGGVKRISGLIYEETRGVLKVFLENVIRDAVTYTEHAKRKTVTAMDVVYALKRQGRTLYGFGG
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
11367
uniprot
proteins
post_translational_modification
PTM: Acetylation at Lys-6 (H4K5ac), Lys-9 (H4K8ac), Lys-13 (H4K12ac) and Lys-17 (H4K16ac) occurs in coding regions of the genome but not in heterochromatin. Acetylated as part of spermatogenesis progression prior to histone-to-protamine exchange (PubMed:32726616). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32726616}.; PTM: Citrullination at Arg-4 (H4R3ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15145825, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16699504}.; PTM: Monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-4 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively) by PRMT1 favors acetylation at Lys-9 (H4K8ac) and Lys-13 (H4K12ac). Demethylation is performed by JMJD6. Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 (H4R3me2s) by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Monomethylated, dimethylated or trimethylated at Lys-21 (H4K20me1, H4K20me2, H4K20me3) (PubMed:24049080). Monomethylation is performed by KMT5A/SET8 (By similarity). Trimethylation is performed by KMT5B and KMT5C and induces gene silencing (PubMed:24049080). Monomethylated at Lys-13 (H4K12me1) by N6AMT1; H4K12me1 modification is present at the promoters of numerous genes encoding cell cycle regulators (By similarity). H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 are demethylated into monomethyl (H4K20me1) by RSBN1 (PubMed:34185806). H4K20me1, H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 are demethylated by RAD23A and RAD23B (By similarity). H4K20me1 is demethylated by PHF8 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24049080, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34185806}.; PTM: Acetyl-methylated at Lys-6 and Lys-13 (H4K5acme and H4K12acme, respectively), acetyl-methylation is an epigenetic mark of active chromatin associated with increased transcriptional initiation. Acetyl-methylation is formed by acetylation by EP300/p300 of lysine residues that are already monomethylated on the same side chain. H4K5acme and H4K12acme marks specifically bind BRD2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Phosphorylated by PAK2 at Ser-48 (H4S47ph). This phosphorylation increases the association of H3.3-H4 with the histone chaperone HIRA, thus promoting nucleosome assembly of H3.3-H4 and inhibiting nucleosome assembly of H3.1-H4 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-92 of histone H4 (H4K91ub1) in response to DNA damage. The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 Lys-21 methylation (H4K20me) (By similarity). Ubiquitinated; by PHF7 (PubMed:32726616). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32726616}.; PTM: Sumoylated, which is associated with transcriptional repression. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27105113}.; PTM: Hydroxybutyrylation of histones is induced by starvation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27105115}.; PTM: Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21925322}.; PTM: Glutarylation at Lys-92 (H4K91glu) destabilizes nucleosomes by promoting dissociation of the H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Ufmylated; monofmylated by UFL1 at Lys-32 (H4K31Ufm1) in response to DNA damage. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.; PTM: Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription. Delactylated by SIRT3 at Lys-17 (H4K16la). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62805}.
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
Histone H4 family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
11101893
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
12408966
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15145825
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
15489334
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16141072
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16699504
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
16980586
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
17947660
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
18034455
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
19468303
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21183079
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
21925322
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
22389435
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23576753
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
23806337
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24049080
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
24681537
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27105113
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
27105115
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
2915930
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30154464
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
30279482
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
31645732
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
32726616
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
34185806
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37731000
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
6276563
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
8858344
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
103
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32726616}. Chromosome {ECO:0000250}. Note=Localized to the nucleus when acetylated in step 11 spermatids. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32726616}.
uniprot
proteins