Gdf15
entrez
29455
canonical
uniprot
Q9Z0J6
canonical
ensembl
ENSRNOG00000019661
resolver
ensp
ENSRNOP00000026652
resolver
enst
ENSRNOT00000026652
resolver
genesymbol
Gdf15
resolver
genesymbol_syn
Sbf
resolver
uniprot
G3V8K5
resolver
uniprot_entry
G3V8K5_RAT
resolver
uniprot_entry
GDF15_RAT
resolver
amino_acid_sequence
MALRALHAQPTGGPQLRFLLFLLLLLLLLSWPSQGDALALPEQRRSLSESQLNPDELRGRFQDLLSRLHANQSREDSNSEPTPDPAVRILSPEVRLGSHGRLLLRVNRASLTQGLPEAYRVHRALLLLTPSSRPWDITRPLQRAISLQGPHARALRLRLAPPPDLAVLPSGGARLELHLRSAAGRGRRSAHLHPRDSCPLGPGRCCHLETVQATLEDLGWSDWVLSPRQLQLSMCVGECPHLYRSANTHALIKARLHGLQPDRVPAPCCVPSSYTPVVLMHRTDSGVSLQTYDDLVAQGCHCA
uniprot
proteins
function
FUNCTION: Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea and/or loss of appetite (PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:31928886, PubMed:34187898, PubMed:37060902). The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future (By similarity). Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (PubMed:28846099, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:37060902). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:37060902). The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues (By similarity). Contributes to the effect of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, on appetite reduction and weight loss: produced in the kidney in response to metformin treatment, thereby activating the GDF15-GFRAL response, leading to reduced appetite and weight (PubMed:37060902). Required for avoidance behavior in response to food allergens: induced downstream of mast cell activation to promote aversion and minimize harmful effects of exposure to noxious substances (By similarity). Produced in response to anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin or cisplatin, promoting nausea and contributing to malnutrition (By similarity). Overproduced in many cancers, promoting anorexia in cancer (cachexia) (By similarity). Responsible for the risk of nausea during pregnancy: high levels of GDF15 during pregnancy, mostly originating from embryos, are associated with increased nausea (By similarity). Maternal sensitivity to nausea is probably determined by pre-pregnancy exposure to GDF15, females with naturally high level of GDF15 being less susceptible to nausea than female rats with low levels of GDF15 before pregnancy (By similarity). Promotes metabolic adaptation in response to systemic inflammation caused by bacterial and viral infections in order to promote tissue tolerance and prevent tissue damage (By similarity). Required for tissue tolerance in response to myocardial infarction by acting as an inhibitor of leukocyte integring activation, thereby protecting against cardiac rupture (By similarity). Inhibits growth hormone signaling on hepatocytes (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99988, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0J7, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846099, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28953886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31928886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34187898, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37060902}.
uniprot
proteins
mass_dalton
33439
uniprot
proteins
protein_family
TGF-beta family
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28846099
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
28953886
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29046435
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
29144449
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
31928886
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
34187898
uniprot
proteins
pubmed
37060902
uniprot
proteins
sequence_length
303
uniprot
proteins
subcellular_location
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29046435}. Note=Secreted in the plasma. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29046435}.
uniprot
proteins